<![CDATA[Urban Farming is a strategic solution for improving food security in urban areas through productive use of limited land and space Fei et al. However, manual watering remains a major obstacle, requiring time and labor while risking water volumes that mismatch plants' physiological needs Hayati. This study designs, builds, and implements an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic watering system to optimize Urban Farming at the Bendan Ngisor Farmer Group (Poktan Bensor), Semarang, capable of monitoring plant environmental conditions in real time and controlling watering automatically or manually from a distance Atzori et al., Kamienski et al. The system uses an ESP32 microcontroller as the control unit Espressif Systems, Kolban, a DHT22 sensor for temperature and humidity Aosong Electronics, Taiz et al. a Soil Moisture Sensor Bogena et al. Muñoz-Carpena, a relay actuator Petruzella, a DC water pump Çengel & Cimbala, and Telegram as the remote interface Telegram, Hidayat & Gunawan, following a Research and Development approach Monk. Results show the system reads parameters stably, executes automatic watering below the critical threshold (<40%), and sends Telegram Bot notifications with a 98.5% success rate, proving effective for sustainable Urban Farming management.]]>
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