<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the concept of ta‘ẓīm in the thought of Shaykh Az-Zarnuji as presented in Ta‘līm al-Muta‘allim and KH. Hasyim Asy‘ari in Adab al-‘Ālim wa al-Muta‘allim, as well as to examine its relevance in the context of contemporary education. This research is motivated by the growing ethical crisis in teacher–student relationships and the declining respect for knowledge in the digital era. Employing a qualitative library research approach, this study utilizes content analysis and comparative analysis of the two primary texts. The findings reveal that Az-Zarnuji conceptualizes ta‘ẓīm as a symbolic-sufistic form of reverence oriented toward the attainment of blessed knowledge (barakah), emphasizing a hierarchical relationship between student and teacher. In contrast, KH. Hasyim Asy‘ari develops this concept in a more systematic and operational manner by stressing spiritual purification, self-discipline, and structured ethical conduct. Comparatively, both scholars share a fundamental view of knowledge as a sacred entity that requires proper adab as an epistemological prerequisite, yet they differ in their modes of implementation. In the modern context, the concept of ta‘ẓīm remains highly relevant as an ethical framework for fostering academic integrity, digital ethics, and character formation. This study contributes to the discourse on Islamic educational epistemology by proposing an integrative model that combines spiritual values with professional discipline in contemporary educational practices]]>
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