<![CDATA[In the context of modern education, school discipline is no longer viewed merely as a tool to control student behavior, but rather as part of the educational process aimed at shaping students' character and morals. This article aims to examine how school discipline is conceptualized in modern education, compare the effectiveness of repressive approaches with educational approaches, and examine its application based on philosophical, psychological, and sociological foundations. This research uses a literature study method with a conceptual analysis approach, synthesizing findings from academic journals, books, and relevant empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025 regarding disciplinary practices in the school environment. The results of the analysis indicate that a disciplinary approach that emphasizes dialogue, reflection, and relationship restoration is more effective in building long-term behavioral change than an approach that only focuses on sanctions. This study can conclude that effective modern school discipline in the current era is holistic and developmental, requiring consistent, fair implementation and integration with social-emotional learning to foster students' responsibility and self-control in the long term. Therefore, school discipline needs to be understood as an integral part of humanistic education and oriented towards students' sustainable development.discipline needs to be understood as an integral part of humanistic education and oriented towards students' sustainable development.]]>
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