<![CDATA[Patient safety culture remains insufficient in many hospitals despite the existence of formal policies, as incident prevention depends on staff awareness, organizational commitment, and professional competence. This study examined the direct effects of awareness and management commitment on patient safety culture and assessed nurse competence as an intervening variable at Citra Harapan Hospital, Bekasi City. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to April 2026 involving 115 nurses selected through saturated sampling. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS, including model-fit, direct-effect, and specific indirect-effect tests. The model demonstrated strong explanatory power for patient safety culture (R² = 0.898) and acceptable model fit (SRMR = 0.064). Awareness and management commitment positively affected nurse competence (? = 0.438 and ? = 0.481, respectively; p < 0.001). Both variables also had significant direct effects on patient safety culture (? = 0.471 and ? = 0.538, respectively; p < 0.001), with management commitment demonstrating the strongest influence. However, nurse competence did not directly affect patient safety culture (? = 0.015; p = 0.771) and did not mediate the effects of awareness and management commitment. Therefore, strengthening patient safety culture requires sustained staff awareness and managerial support, while competency development alone is insufficient to transform organizational safety norms.]]>
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