<![CDATA[Empathy is one of the important social and emotional capacities that supports students’ interpersonal development. However, various social and environmental factors influence the development of empathy among adolescents. This study aims to examine the influence of family harmony, moral values, and peer groups on students’ empathy. A quantitative approach was employed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The study involved 350 students from a target population of 873 students at Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta Middle School. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 40 items measured on a four-point Likert scale. The results indicate that all measurement indicators met the requirements for validity and reliability, with outer loading values exceeding 0.70 and satisfactory discriminant validity. The structural model showed an R-square value of 0.668, indicating that family harmony, moral values, and peer groups collectively explained 66.8% of the variance in students’ empathy. Hypothesis testing revealed that family harmony, moral values, and peer groups each had a positive and significant effect on students’ empathy. These findings highlight the importance of supportive family environments, strong moral foundations, and positive peer interactions in fostering empathy among students. Therefore, educational stakeholders should strengthen these factors to support students’ character development in schools.]]>
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