<![CDATA[Tourism development is often framed in terms of economic growth and infrastructure expansion, yet it is also shaped by communication and discourse among development actors. However, empirical research examining how communicative interactional discourses influence community participation in tourism development remains limited. This study addresses this gap by investigating how language use, communicative interactional discourses, and discourse patterns relate to community participation and tourism development outcomes in the Mandalika Tourism Special Economic Zone, Indonesia. A quantitative research design was employed involving 219 community respondents from four villages surrounding the tourism area. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS). The findings indicate that communicative interactional discourses do not significantly influence community participation. The relationship between discourse patterns and participation is weak and not significant. In contrast, community participation shows a significant but negative relationship with perceived tourism development outcomes. The structural model also demonstrates low explanatory power, with linguistic and discourse patterns explaining about 2 percent of the variation in community participation and the overall model explaining about 5 percent of tourism development outcomes. These results reveal a communication participation gap in which institutional communication remains largely top down and technocratic, limiting meaningful dialogue and collaborative learning. By framing language and discourse as measurable elements of development communication, this study demonstrates how communicative structures shape participation and power relations. The findings highlight the importance of more dialogic and culturally grounded communication strategies to support inclusive and sustainable tourism development.]]>
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