Tourism-led development in Bali has produced economic benefits while intensifying waste, environmental degradation, corruption risks, and dependence on visitor flows. This study analyzes how multi-level collaborative governance can support sustainable development by linking national governance reform, ASEAN-oriented policy learning, local implementation, and community participation. Using a qualitative interpretive case design, the study analyzes exploratory interview notes and selected academic, policy, and institutional documents through thematic analysis. The findings show that regional cooperation and institutional reform are useful but insufficient without local accountability, source-based waste management, community monitoring, and economic diversification. The article contributes a multi-level collaborative governance balance model that positions public institutions, regional cooperation, local governments, communities, and tourism actors as complementary foundations for sustainable development in Bali.
Copyrights © 2026