<![CDATA[Back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women in their third trimester due to physiological changes and postural shifts during pregnancy. Nonpharmacological treatments such as warm hydrotherapy and counter-pressure massage can be used to help reduce the intensity of back pain in pregnant women. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of warm hydrotherapy and a combination of warm hydrotherapy with counter-pressure massage in reducing the intensity of back pain in third-trimester pregnant women at the Bedadung Health Center in Pakusari District, Jember Regency. This study employed a quasi-experimental design using a two-group pretest-posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 30 participants divided into two groups: 15 participants received warm hydrotherapy, and 15 participants received a combination of warm hydrotherapy and counter-pressure massage. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data analysis employed the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and the Mann-Whitney U Test with a significance level of ? = 0.05. The results indicated that in the warm hydrotherapy group, the majority of participants experienced a reduction in pain from moderate to mild, with a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05). In the group receiving a combination of warm hydrotherapy and counter-pressure massage, the majority of respondents experienced a reduction in pain to mild or even no pain, with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed a p-value of 0.032 (<0.05), indicating that the combination of warm hydrotherapy and counter-pressure massage was more effective than warm hydrotherapy alone. Both warm hydrotherapy and the combination of warm hydrotherapy and counter-pressure massage were effective in reducing the intensity of back pain in third-trimester pregnant women; however, the combination of the two interventions was more effective than warm hydrotherapy alone.]]>
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