<![CDATA[Tourism plays an important role in supporting sustainable development in ASEAN; however, its expansion can also generate environmental pressures that may undermine long-term sustainability. Green tourism offers an approach to balancing tourism development with environmental conservation and resource efficiency. This study examines the relationship between green tourism and sustainable development in five ASEAN countries—Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam—during the 2006–2021 period. Green tourism is proxied by the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), Travel and Tourism Development Index (TTDI), and Renewable Energy Consumption (REC), while Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is included as a control variable. The Sustainable Development Index (SDI) is used as the dependent variable. Using panel data regression, the Fixed Effects Model (FEM) is selected as the most appropriate estimation approach. The results indicate that EPI and TTDI have positive and statistically significant relationships with SDI, suggesting that stronger environmental performance and tourism development are associated with higher levels of sustainable development. In contrast, REC and GDP show negative and statistically significant relationships with SDI. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening environmental governance, improving sustainable tourism competitiveness, and accelerating the transition toward cleaner energy systems. The study provides empirical evidence that can support policymakers in designing integrated tourism and environmental strategies to advance sustainable development across ASEAN-5 countries.]]>
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