<![CDATA[This quantitative descriptive study aims to describe the level of critical thinking skills of 30 ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Mepanga in the context of heat and heat transfer subjects, given the low level of these 21st-century skills among Indonesian students. Using an essay test based on Facione's five indicators of critical thinking (Interpretation, Analysis, Inference, Evaluation, and Explanation), the results show that the students' overall average score was only 46.2%, placing them in the Low category. Further analysis revealed that the lowest mastery levels occurred in the indicators of Interpretation (44%), Analysis (43%), and Inference (43%). These low skills are attributed to learning practices that focus on memorization and a lack of HOTS-based, analytical exercises, as well as reflection and discussion activities. Therefore, the study recommends implementing learning strategies that explicitly train students to analyze data, make inferences from phenomena, and interpret scientific information, such as through discovery-based laboratory activities, to improve their critical thinking skills.]]>
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