<![CDATA[This article examines how the adoption of blockchain technology influences audit efficiency and fraud detection within modern accounting practice. As financial transactions increasingly move into distributed ledger environments, external auditors are compelled to revisit the assumptions, procedures, and tools that underpin traditional assurance work. Through a systematic review of contemporary auditing, accounting information systems, and financial technology literature, this study identifies the mechanisms through which blockchain reshapes the audit process. The findings indicate that blockchain adoption enhances efficiency primarily by enabling real-time access to immutable transaction records, reducing reliance on sampling-based procedures, automating control testing through smart contracts, and facilitating continuous auditing. At the same time, the technology strengthens fraud detection capacity by improving the traceability of transactions, increasing the difficulty of retroactive manipulation, and supporting forensic analysis of anomalous patterns. However, the realization of these benefits is conditional on several factors, including auditor competence, integration with legacy systems, regulatory clarity, data privacy constraints, and the risk that fraud shifts to points where the blockchain boundary intersects with off-chain processes. The review concludes that blockchain does not eliminate the need for professional skepticism; rather, it redefines the focus of auditor judgment from verifying recorded transactions to evaluating the reliability of the underlying technology environment and its governance. Practical implications for audit firms, standard-setting bodies, and regulators are discussed.]]>
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