<![CDATA[The transition from B35 to B40 biodiesel is a key step in reducing fossil diesel dependence in railway power systems, but its field performance in passenger train generator sets remains insufficiently established. This study evaluates comprehensively the fuel-lubricant quality, engine performance, fuel consumption, NOx emissions, rating component, and filter behaviour of B35 and B40 biodiesel blends in an MTU 10V1600G20F passenger train generator set. Initial tests compared B35 and B40 across different load conditions, followed by a 1,200 h dynamic endurance test using B40 during railway operation. As a results, B40 showed higher cetane number than B35 but lower heating value and higher water content, reflecting the expected trade-off of increasing FAME content. Despite this, B40 delivered power comparable to B35 at higher loads, while fuel consumption remained broadly similar under medium- and high-load operation. After 1,200 h, B40 maintained stable power output and fuel consumption, with no progressive increase in NOx emissions. All measured NOx values remained below the regulatory limit. Lubricant analysis, minor merit rating inspection, and Racor filter monitoring showed no severe oil degradation, abnormal component damage, or visible filter blockage. These findings indicate that B40 can be technically feasible for passenger train generator operation when supported by controlled fuel quality and routine maintenance.]]>
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