<![CDATA[This study examines the effect of profitability, capital structure, liquidity, and managerial ownership on tax avoidance among food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021–2025 period. The population consists of 83 companies, from which 45 companies were selected through purposive sampling, yielding 225 firm-year observations. Tax avoidance is measured with the Effective Tax Rate (ETR); profitability, capital structure, and liquidity are proxied by Return on Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Current Ratio; managerial ownership is measured by the percentage of shares held by management. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26. The results show that profitability has a significant positive effect on tax avoidance, whereas capital structure, liquidity, and managerial ownership do not significantly affect it. These findings suggest that firms with higher profitability tend to be more active in managing their tax burden through legal tax-planning strategies, while financing decisions, short-term liquidity, and the extent of managerial share ownership are not decisive considerations in such behavior. The study extends agency-theory-based literature on corporate tax behavior and offers practical implications for tax authorities and investors in assessing tax-avoidance risk.]]>
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