<![CDATA[Human capital constitutes the indispensable primary catalyst for economic transformation toward Golden Indonesia 2045, yet its development remains severely hindered by systemic institutional bottlenecks. This study aims to critically analyze the National Talent Management (NTM) policy as a macro-strategic instrument for superior human capital development. Utilizing a qualitative conceptual approach through a rigorous Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this research synthesizes high-impact international literature and primary Indonesian statutory documents, specifically the NTM Grand Design and RPJPN 20252045. Data were systematically analyzed via theoretical triangulation, integrating Human Capital Theory, Strategic Talent Management, and Collaborative Governance paradigms. The findings fundamentally reveal that while NTM establishes a robust regulatory framework, its empirical implementation is critically obstructed by profound cross-ministerial governance fragmentation, acute skill mismatches between academic outputs and industrial demands, unintegrated national talent data architectures, and the escalating global brain drain phenomenon. To decisively overcome these debilitating bottlenecks, the state must aggressively transition from isolated sectoral administration to a highly integrated collaborative governance regime. Establishing strict digital data interoperability, embedding industrial partnerships directly within academic curricula, and enforcing meritocratic lifelong learning ecosystems are absolute prerequisites.]]>
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