<![CDATA[Analyzes legal protection of rights of the Maba Sangaji indigenous community over their customary management areas amid the expansion of nickel mining in East Halmahera. A normative juridical method with regulatory, conceptual, also case study approach. Recognition of indigenous peoples' rights has been affirmed in 1945 Constitution also Constitutional Court decisions, sectoral legal framework in the mining sector still places mining business permits as the dominant instrument that weakens the recognition of customary territories. FPIC has been normatively recognized, but the absence of binding operational guidelines has resulted in its formalistic and ineffective implementation. This study emphasizes the need for harmonization of sectoral regulations and strengthening of FPIC mechanisms based on positive law to ensure constitutional protection and the human rights of the Maba Sangaji indigenous community.]]>
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