<![CDATA[Indonesia’s expanding digital commerce has increased the importance of interoperable public payment infrastructure, while the growing role of marketplace platforms is changing how micro, small, and medium enterprises engage with digital payments. This study examines how digital readiness, online sales intensity, and marketplace participation are associated with QRIS adoption and whether marketplace participation changes the role of digital readiness. Using microdata from the 2024 Indonesian E-Commerce Survey, the analysis covers 39736 MSMEs and applies binary logistic regression, subgroup analysis, an interaction model, and robustness checks. The findings show that digital readiness is consistently associated with a greater likelihood of QRIS adoption, whereas higher online sales intensity is associated with a lower likelihood of adoption. Marketplace participation is also positively associated with QRIS use, but its role is more nuanced. Digital readiness remains relevant among marketplace sellers, although its association with QRIS adoption is substantially weaker than among businesses operating outside marketplace platforms. This pattern reveals a dual role of marketplace ecosystems: they may broaden merchants’ exposure to digital payments while reducing the extent to which adoption of public payment infrastructure depends on merchants’ own digital capabilities. The study therefore extends digital payment research beyond conventional technology-acceptance explanations by showing that QRIS adoption is also shaped by the platform environment in which transactions take place. The findings are consistent with partial payment substitution rather than direct replacement of QRIS and suggest that payment policy should combine merchant capability development with stronger interoperability between QRIS and marketplace payment systems.]]>
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