<![CDATA[The green Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) paradigm is a transitional effort by companies to integrate environmental concerns with socio-economic empowerment. The urgency of this research stems from the need to investigate green CSR practices that are not only philanthropic but also address the rampant allegations of greenwashing. But how can CSR practices encourage sustainable social-ecological transformation?. The research method used a qualitative case study approach. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Interviews were conducted with the company’s CSR Staff, Kelompok Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwis) Sungai Maron, and the local government. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis and triangulation to ensure data validity. Findings indicate that the Maron River Ecotourism Program has moved beyond conventional philanthropic CSR by integrating environmental conservation with community-based economic development. The program strengthened local participation through tourism management institutions, improved river conservation practices, and created livelihood opportunities through boat services, small businesses, and tourism-related activities. These outcomes demonstrate the emergence of socio-ecological value co-creation between the company and local communities. However, the study identifies a sustainability paradox. Although community groups actively manage daily tourism operations, strategic functions—including infrastructure provision, tourism promotion, capacity-building initiatives, and access to external networks—remain highly dependent on corporate support. This condition limits the development of community autonomy and exposes vulnerabilities to the program’s long-term sustainability. The study concludes that transformative green CSR requires an autonomy-by-design approach that gradually transfers strategic capacities, strengthens local entrepreneurial leadership, and establishes clear exit strategies to ensure community resilience beyond the corporate support cycle.]]>
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