<![CDATA[Hospital wastewater contains organic pollutants, suspended and dissolved solids, pathogenic microorganisms, and chemical residues that may deteriorate receiving waters and endanger public health. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining filtration media with Pistia stratiotes phytoremediation in improving wastewater quality at Al Mansyur Hospital. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was applied with three replications. Six groups were examined: untreated control, phytoremediation alone, filtration alone, and three combinations of filtration and phytoremediation using gravel, zeolite, activated carbon, silica sand, and Pistia stratiotes. The measured parameters were Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and total coliform. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test, while the Kruskal–Wallis test was used when variance assumptions were not met. All treatment groups produced significant differences in pollutant reduction compared with the control (p < 0.05). Combined filtration and phytoremediation achieved the greatest reductions in BOD, TSS, and total coliform, whereas filtration media containing zeolite and activated carbon performed best in reducing COD and TDS. These findings indicate that integrating filtration with Pistia stratiotes offers a promising complementary approach for hospital wastewater treatment under controlled laboratory conditions before wider implementation]]>
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