<![CDATA[The visualization of abstract scientific concepts is essential for stimulating students’ cognitive processes; however, the availability of science laboratories in schools is limited, and not all abstract concepts can be directly observed in real life. Advances in technology have enabled the development of virtual laboratories, such as PhET (Physics Education Technology), to address this challenge. This study aims to develop a virtual practicum module for high school thermodynamics learning by integrating PhET simulations through an inquiry-based approach. The module was developed using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The resulting module comprises nine practicum activities designed to enhance students’ cognitive engagement. Empirical findings indicate that the average practicum duration was approximately 1.5 hours. Student responses showed a very positive perception, with 86.88% of respondents rating the module in the very good category. Expert validation yielded a score of 3.87 out of 4 (96.8%) with an inter-rater agreement of 98.3%. Furthermore, the N-gain value of 0.73 indicates very high effectiveness. Overall, the results suggest that the developed virtual thermodynamics practicum module is valid, effective, and suitable for supporting high school physics learning.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
