<![CDATA[Laptops are widely used for educational and professional activities, but non-technical users often have difficulty identifying hardware problems, which can delay repairs and increase costs. This study developed and evaluated a web-based expert system for diagnosing laptop hardware damage using the Forward Chaining (FC) algorithm and the Certainty Factor (CF) method. The knowledge base consisted of 30 symptoms and 11 hardware damage categories derived from observations and interviews with professional laptop technicians. Accuracy testing was conducted using 20 test cases, consisting of 16 general user questionnaire cases and 4 technician-verified real-world cases. The diagnostic results generated by the system were compared with technician diagnoses as the reference. The hybrid FC-CF approach correctly diagnosed 15 of 20 cases, resulting in an accuracy of 75%, while standalone Forward Chaining correctly diagnosed 5 cases, resulting in an accuracy of 25%. The results indicate that the use of Certainty Factor allows the system to produce diagnoses when user-provided symptoms are incomplete or uncertain. The remaining incorrect diagnoses were associated with user subjectivity in assigning confidence levels and overlapping symptoms among hardware damage categories. Based on the test results, the developed system can be used as a preliminary diagnostic aid for laptop hardware problems and should not be considered a replacement for professional technician assessment.]]>
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