<![CDATA[Access to clean water remains critical in peat-water regions such as Central Kalimantan. Peat water typically exhibits unstable pH, high turbidity, and elevated dissolved solids. This study aims to design, build, and test an IoT-based water filter prototype using activated carbon from three local biomass types—rice husk, palm kernel shell, and empty fruit bunches (EFB)—tested individually and as a mixture (1:1:1) with mass variations of 200, 300, 400, and 500 g. An experimental comparative multi-treatment design was applied, with three replications per treatment. The prototype uses Arduino Uno R3, NodeMCU ESP8266, pH, turbidity, TDS, DS18B20 temperature, and YF-S201 flow sensors, transmitting data to Firebase Realtime Database and displaying it via a Kotlin-based Android application. Testing was conducted on two water sources: PTM lab tap water (initial pH 8.2; TDS 0.0 mg/L; turbidity 162.8 NTU) and engineered peat-like water (pH 9.1; TDS 249.4 mg/L; turbidity 14.7 NTU). Results show the mixed activated carbon achieved the best TDS reduction of 93.0% (from 249.4 to 17.5 ± 0.8 mg/L), neutral pH of 7.6 ± 0.1, and turbidity of 0.0 NTU in engineered water. The highest iodine adsorption capacity was achieved by rice husk activated carbon (862.92 mg/g), exceeding the SNI standard of 750 mg/g. All filtration parameters met Permenkes No. 2/2023 standards for sanitation purposes.]]>
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