<![CDATA[Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) exhibits good elasticity, impact resistance, and viscoelastic properties, making it promising for energy dissipation applications. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) enables the development of complex structures, including lattice, auxetic, and Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS). This systematic review analyzed 50 articles published between 2020 and 2026 from Scopus/ScienceDirect, Nature, and MDPI using the PRISMA 2020 approach. The review focused on energy dissipation mechanisms, TPU composite engineering, and structural design optimization. The synthesis showed that TPMS improved energy dissipation efficiency by 30–40% compared with honeycomb structures, while auxetic structures increased impact energy absorption by up to 45%. Adding graphene, carbon nanotubes, and TPU/PLA blends increased mechanical modulus by 20–60% but could reduce the damping ratio by 5–15%. Material engineering supports manufacturing stability, whereas geometric optimization primarily determines energy dissipation performance. Key research gaps include multifunctional materials, functionally graded TPMS, and machine-learning-based optimization.]]>
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