<![CDATA[Methylene blue (MB) is a synthetic dye widely used in the textile industry. Its discharge into water bodies via untreated textile wastewater can cause environmental pollution and degrade water quality. This study aimed to activate and characterize coal fly ash using HCl (CFA-HCl) and evaluate its potential for MB adsorption. The effects of adsorbent mass, pH, and adsorption time on the adsorption process were investigated. CFA was activated by refluxing in 6 M HCl at 90 °C for 4 h, while MB adsorption was performed by batch at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Characterization results showed that the main crystalline phases of CFA-HCl were quartz (Q) and mullite (M). FTIR analysis indicated the presence of siloxane (Si–O–Si), silanol (Si–OH), and Si–O–Al groups. The optimum adsorbent mass for MB adsorption was 0.1 g. The optimum adsorption conditions were obtained at pH 9 and an adsorption time of 75 min.]]>
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