<![CDATA[This study discusses the legal protection for holders of certificates of property rights in the face of land ownership disputes with Grant claims in Tulabolo Village. The main focus of the study was to analyze the legal strength of certificates as evidence of land ownership and the challenges that arise due to oral or customary evidence-based grant claims that are not officially recorded in the National Land Agency (BPN). The research method used is sociological juridical approach with data collection through observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results showed that certificates of property rights provide strong legal protection in a formal manner, but the recognition of Indigenous Grant claims that have evidence of long-term physical control raises tensions between formal and customary law. Preventive and repressive legal protection is needed, ranging from certificate verification at BPN, dispute resolution mediation at the village level, to litigation in court to ensure the rights of certificate holders and justice for grant claimants. The research suggests strengthening the capacity of adat institutions in mediation, optimizing the role of BPN in Document Verification, and providing free legal aid so that access to justice can be implemented equally. Thus, comprehensive legal protection can minimize conflicts and realize legal certainty over land rights in Indonesia.]]>
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