Baitul Mal sebagai Instrumen Welfare State dalam Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah

Elsania Revansya Wulan Aprilia (Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang)
Khairul Umam (Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang)
Avifur Rohman (Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang)
Muhammad Rifqi Baidlowi Muslikh (Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang)

Jurnal At-Tanmiyah Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam
Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Juni, At-Tanmiyah: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Binis Islam

Poverty and social inequality require mechanisms that ensure equitable public welfare. In the Islamic constitutional system, Baitul Mal functions as a public financial institution that manages and distributes wealth for social purposes. This study aims to analyze the role of Baitul Mal as a welfare state instrument from the perspective of fiqh siyasah. The research employs a normative legal method using library, conceptual, and historical approaches. The findings reveal that Baitul Mal performs a welfare redistribution function through the management of zakat, kharaj, jizyah, waqf, infaq, and sadaqah. These functions correspond to the characteristics of a welfare state, particularly in social protection, economic redistribution, and state responsibility for public welfare. Therefore, Baitul Mal can be understood as a welfare instrument within the Islamic governance system and remains relevant for the development of equitable social policies.