Zakat sebagai Instrumen Konstitusional Keuangan Negara: Tinjauan Hukum Pengelolaan dan Distribusi Zakat di Indonesia: Peran Zakat dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Indonesia dan Fungsinya sebagai Instrumen untuk Mencapai Keadilan Sosial

MOCH. BAIHAKI (program studi hukum tata negara, fakultas syariah, universitas islam maulana malik ibrahim, malang)
Ahmad Fahruddin Al Jazari (Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang)
Zahrotul Kamilah A (Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang)

Jurnal At-Tanmiyah Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam
Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Desember, At-Tanmiyah: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Binis Islam

Zakat is a strategic instrument in the Islamic economic system, functioning both as a spiritual obligation and a wealth redistribution mechanism to achieve social justice. In Indonesia, zakat holds formal legal legitimacy through Law No. 23 of 2011, authorizing BAZNAS and LAZ to collect and distribute zakat funds systematically. Using a juridical-normative approach, this study demonstrates that zakat plays a meaningful role in poverty alleviation through productive distribution models. However, its effectiveness remains hindered by low public zakat literacy, limited trust in formal institutions, and weak inter-agency coordination, resulting in collection rates of only 5–7% of national potential. Optimizing zakat requires strengthened institutional capacity, greater transparency, and intensified literacy programs to maximize its contribution as an instrument of social justice.