<![CDATA[Non-clinical contributions to patient safety have received increasing attention in healthcare systems; however, empirical evidence regarding specific administrative mechanisms associated with patient safety remains limited, particularly in Class C hospitals. This study examined how administrative involvement and its mechanisms relate to patient safety in Class C hospitals. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in June–August 2025 in five public and private Class C hospitals in Samarinda, Indonesia. Seventy-six administrative officers were selected using proportional sampling. Data were collected using a structured 74-item questionnaire measuring administrative involvement, communication, initiative, participation, and perceived patient safety outcomes, and were analyzed using PLS-SEM (SmartPLS 4.0). The measurement model showed acceptable reliability and convergent validity (composite reliability: 0.802–0.910; AVE: 0.558–0.659; Cronbach’s alpha: 0.763–0.881). Structural model results indicated significant positive associations with patient safety for administrative involvement (β=0.642; t=10.760; p<0.001), communication (β=0.377; t=7.820; p<0.001), initiative (β=0.221; t=2.720; p=0.007), and participation (β=0.186; t=2.330; p=0.021). The model demonstrated moderate explanatory power, accounting for 41.2% of the variance in patient safety outcomes (R²=0.412), with strong predictive relevance (Q²=0.416). These findings suggest that strengthening administrative involvement, supported by effective communication, proactive initiatives, and participatory practices, is associated with better patient safety in resource-limited hospital settings.]]>
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