<![CDATA[Land use and land cover change (LULCC) is a major anthropogenic driver of climate variability, particularly in tropical regions experiencing rapid deforestation. This research aimed to investigate the biophysical impacts of LULCC on temperature and precipitation in Kalimantan during 1960–1989, a period that marked the onset of intensive land use transformation in the region. Using the Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP) experimental framework and land use data from the Land Use Harmonization version 2 (LUH2), the analysis compared two climate simulations, Historical and Historical with no land use change (Hist_noLu). The results showed a robust warming signal associated with deforestation in Kalimantan, with a mean temperature increase of up to 0.116°C and localized maximum exceeding 0.300°C. Ridge regression analysis indicated that deforestation contributed over 65% to the observed warming. In contrast, precipitation demonstrated weak sensitivity to LULCC. Although both simulations showed a declining trend, the historical simulation had slightly higher precipitation than the Hist_noLu simulation, suggesting that LULCC may have moderated the precipitation decline. However, the 2 regression model's low explanatory power (R2 = 0.099) indicated that other climatic factors played a more dominant role in shaping precipitation patterns in Kalimantan.]]>
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