<![CDATA[The transformation of modern social structures has encouraged changes in gender roles within contemporary Muslim families, particularly in dual-income families where both husband and wife actively participate in productive economic activities. These changes have created new dynamics in family maintenance relations, which were previously constructed based on patriarchal structures that positioned men as the primary breadwinners. This study aims to analyze the transformation of gender roles and maintenance fulfillment in dual-income families from the perspective of international human rights law. This research employs normative legal research using conceptual, statutory, and international human rights approaches. Legal materials were obtained from international human rights instruments, national regulations, Islamic family law literature, and relevant previous studies. The findings indicate that the transformation of dual-income families has shifted maintenance relations from unilateral patterns toward more participatory and cooperative relationships. However, patriarchal social structures continue to place women in double burden situations due to their simultaneous involvement in productive and domestic work. From the perspective of international human rights law, this condition demonstrates the importance of strengthening substantive equality principles and promoting a more proportional distribution of family responsibilities. Therefore, reconstruction of maintenance relations based on shared family responsibility is necessary to establish family relations that are more just, participatory, and oriented toward the protection of human rights within modern families.]]>
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