<![CDATA[This study aims to determine the differences in students’ mathematical critical thinking skills between those who receive ethnomathematics-based Group Investigation (GI) cooperative learning and those who receive direct instruction on the Pythagorean Theorem, to determine the magnitude of the model’s effect, and to describe students’ learning activities during the learning process. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The research sample consisted of 56 eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 8 Singkawang, with Class VIII A serving as the experimental group and Class VIII B as the control group, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an essay test measuring mathematical critical thinking skills and a learning activity observation sheet. Data analysis included normality and homogeneity tests, an independent-samples t-test, effect size analysis, and the percentage of learning activities. The results showed that the experimental group obtained a mean posttest score of 79.83, while the control group obtained 64.84.]]>
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