<![CDATA[The legal protection of indigenous peoples’ rights in the utilization of natural resources remains an important issue in Indonesia, particularly in relation to the existence of customary land (ulayat land). This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for indigenous communities in the utilization of natural resources and identify the obstacles faced by the indigenous community of Wolotopo Village, Ndona District, Ende Regency. The research employs an empirical juridical method by examining the implementation of legal norms in society through field research and literature study. Data were obtained through interviews with the village head, customary leaders (Mosalaki), and community figures, as well as through the analysis of relevant legal documents and regulations. The results show that legal protection for indigenous peoples in Wolotopo Village is implemented through preventive and repressive legal protection. Preventive protection is reflected in the preservation of ulayat land as communal property and the prevention of individual ownership claims. Meanwhile, repressive protection is implemented through the settlement of customary land disputes through formal legal mechanisms, including court decisions affirming the communal status of the land. However, the implementation of legal protection still faces internal obstacles such as limited legal awareness and differing community perspectives regarding land management, as well as external obstacles including limited government assistance and legal socialization. Therefore, stronger synergy between the government and customary institutions is required to strengthen legal protection and ensure the sustainable utilization of natural resources by indigenous communities.]]>
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