<![CDATA[This study experimentally investigates the thermal performance of static immersion cooling for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries using a hydrocarbon-based dielectric fluid (Shell S3 X). Natural convection (NC) and static immersion cooling were compared for two battery variants at a 3C discharge rate up to 80% depth of discharge. Results demonstrate that static immersion cooling consistently outperforms natural convection. Specifically, IC reduced the average and maximum surface temperatures by up to 11.50% and 11.93%, respectively. Furthermore, thermal uniformity improved significantly, with the maximum surface temperature difference decreasing from 3.2°C to 1.6°C for Battery A, and from 7.4°C to 5.0°C for Battery B. Energy-balance analysis confirmed a reduction in residual battery heat by up to 10.03%, accompanied by an enhanced apparent heat-transfer coefficient. These findings establish that passive immersion cooling using Shell S3 X effectively suppresses temperature rise and improves thermal uniformity, offering a promising solution for battery thermal management.]]>
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