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Home Experiment Program for Senior Mechanical Laboratory Course: A Laboratory Program during COVID-19 Pandemic Fitri Endrasari; Djati Wibowo Djamari; Indro Pranoto
EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN Vol 4, No 3 (2022): June Pages 3201-5000
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/edukatif.v4i3.2725

COVID-19 pandemic triggers the development of virtual methods in doing the experiments for laboratory classes. However, the virtual methods cannot give the students a hands-on learning experience they should get from laboratory classes. This paper aims to disseminate the Home Experiment program conducted by Mechanical Engineering study program of Sampoerna University. This program is established to allow students to conduct experiments at home so that they obtain the hands-on learning experience during the pandemic. The program is conducted through the Senior Mechanical Laboratory (SML) course, and the result from heat transfer experiment is discussed in this paper. Students are assigned to design the heat transfer experiment (guided by the lecturer), purchase the required components, assemble the components, and conduct the experiment. Aside from submitting a written report, students are also required to submit experimentation videos and present their work in a conference at the end of the semester. It is hoped that this program will become a study case for home-based learning which is crucial during the pandemic situation.

Studi Experimental Terhadap Perpindahan Kalor Pada Tumbukan Multiple Droplets Dengan Variasi Frekuensi Tetesan Indro Pranoto; Dannys Arif Kusuma; Teguh Wibowo; Fauzun Fauzun; Deendarlianto Deendarlianto; Indarto Indarto
METAL: Jurnal Sistem Mekanik dan Termal Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Andalas

The effect of drop frequencies and surface temperature on the maximum spreading ratio, heat transfer rate and heat transfer coefficient of convection have been studied experimentally. The experiments were carried out by investigating different values of drop frequencies at 250, 400 and 600 drops/minute. The surface material of stainless steel with a temperature range of 120°C to 200°C was used in the study. An image processing technique was used to measure the diameter of droplets that were captured by using a high-speed camera. The results of the study show that by increasing frequency of drops has improved significantly the maximum spreading ratio, heat transfer rate and heat transfer coefficient of convection. The results also shown that by increasing the drop frequency has increased accordingly the droplet contact with the surface. It was found that, at higher surface temperature has contributed to the increase of the heat transfer rate and convection heat transfer coefficient. This study suggest that the peak and wetting limit conditions has occurred at the surface temperature of 180°C.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BOILING BUBBLE DEPARTURE DIAMETER AND FREQUENCY FROM POROUS FOAM STRUCTURES Indro Pranoto; Umar Fadhil Ramadhan; Muhammad Habtry; Leong Kai Choong
Integrated Lab Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

An experimental study on the boiling phenomena and bubble dynamics from the porous graphite foams of different thermophysical properties with FC-72 dielectric coolant under saturated pool boiling condition is presented in this paper. The pool boiling process from different graphite foams viz. “Pocofoam” of 61%, “Pocofoam” of 75%, “Kfoam” of 78% and “Kfoam” of 72% porosities were captured by using a high speed camera at 2005 frames per second and analyzed by using “Image Pro” image processing software. The bubble departure diameter and frequency from the porous foams are presented and discussed in this study. The results show that “Pocofoam” of 61% porosity has produced the smallest bubble departure diameter and highest bubble departure frequency as compared to other porous foams. It was found that the average bubble departure diameter and bubble frequency of “Pocofoam” of 61% porosity is 480.8 µm and 173 Hz, respectively. The experimental results have also shown that the thermal properties of the porous graphite foam affected the bubble departure diameter and frequency.

Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Geometri Pin Fins Terhadap Fenomena Flow Boiling Cahya Dhika Wicaksana; Indro Pranoto
Prosiding SENASTITAN: Seminar Nasional Teknologi Industri Berkelanjutan Prosiding SENASTITAN Vol. 02 2022
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (463.886 KB)

Perkembangan teknologi di era modern ini menuntut adanya sistem pendingin yang handal untuk melindungi teknologi yang ada di industri. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode sistem pendinginan flow boiling. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui fenomena flow boiling pada struktur fin silinder dan sirip persegi dengan fluida kerja HFE-7100. Analisis dilakukan pada daya pemanasan 100 - 170 W dengan fluks massa 6,57 - 19,7 kg/m2·s. Dalam analisis fenomena pendidihan, variasi daya pemanasan berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) dan jumlah bubble. Pada kedua profil, ONB untuk fluks massa 6,57 kg/m2·s terbentuk pada daya 120 W, fluks massa 13,14 kg/m2·s pada daya 120 W, dan fluks massa 19,7 kg/m2·s pada daya 130 W. Selanjutnya, di kedua fin tren peningkatan jumlah bubble terlihat meningkat untuk fluks massa 6,57 kg/m2·s pada daya pemanasan 118,6 W - 171,6 W. Kemudian pada kedua fin dengan daya pemanasan 170 W untuk fluks massa 13,14 kg/m2·s, bubble yang terbentuk lebih banyak daripada fluks massa 6,57 kg/m2·s.

PENGARUH OUTSERT TERHADAP ALIRAN DAN PERPINDAHAN KALOR PADA ANNULAR HEAT EXCHANGER TIPE HORIZONTAL Ma'a, Mustaza; Kamal, Samsul; Pranoto, Indro
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 15 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v15i1.1512

In the industrial environment, there is a need to boost heat transfer. The flow manipulation method was selected because it is less expensive, simpler to use, and more accessible. It is wise to utilize a horizontal type annular heat exchanger because it is simple and easy to manufacture. Cold fluid from the reservoir tank is pumped through the annulus in a closed system. Cold fluid passes through the Omega rotameter before it enters the experiment apparatus. The cooling system allows cold fluid to leave through the outlet and return to the reservoir tank. There are five different cold fluid flow rates, ranging from 2.5 GPM to 5 GPM. A tubular heater with a 500 W heat rate is inserted in the annular heat exchanger's midsection. The flow inside the annulus is heated by this heater. According to the results of the experiments, utilizing outsert has the potential to increase the heat transfer coefficient (h) average 89,84%, Nusselt number (Nu) average 76,76%, and friction factor (f) average 55,48%. The flow regime, which starts out in laminar circumstances and transition to quasi-turbulent and turbulent conditions at Re = 8000, is also impacted by the presence of an outsert. The thermal performance factor (η) average 1,54, which demonstrates an increase in heat transfer.

Studi Eksperimental Performa Perpindahan Kalor Sistem Pendinginan Single Phase Immersion Cooling untuk Data Center Janan, Garda Naufal; Pranoto, Indro; Fauzun, Fauzun
Prosiding SENASTITAN: Seminar Nasional Teknologi Industri Berkelanjutan Prosiding SENASTITAN Vol. 05 2025
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Data Center (DC) saat ini menjadi infrastruktur yang sangat penting. Namun, DC juga mengonsumsi sekitar 3% dari total listrik global, dan angka ini diperkirakan akan meningkat hingga 12%, di mana 45% dari konsumsi listrik DC dialokasikan untuk sistem pendinginan. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan dan pengoptimalan sistem pendingin untuk DC menjadi perhatian yang sangat krusial. Penelitian ini melakukan uji coba eksperimental untuk mengevaluasi kinerja sistem pendinginan menggunakan metode immersion cooling pada data center. Data center ditempatkan di dalam sebuah chamber yang berisi fluida dielektrik yang dialirkan dengan bantuan pompa. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kinerja metode fan cooling dengan immersion cooling. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa temperatur CPU lebih rendah ketika menggunakan metode immersion cooling dibandingkan fan cooling. Selain itu, nilai heat transfer coefficient immersion cooling lebih tinggi. Secara keseluruhan, metode immersion cooling menunjukkan performa pendinginan yang lebih optimal dibandingkan dengan metode fan cooling. Selain itu, berdasarkan pemantauan efisiensi daya listrik melalui nilai PUE, immersion cooling terbukti lebih hemat energi dibandingkan fan cooling. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa immersion cooling dapat menjadi alternatif solusi pendinginan yang lebih unggul bagi DC, baik dari segi kinerja termal maupun efisiensi energi, sehingga mampu mengatasi tantangan dalam sistem pendinginan konvensional.

PENGARUH OUTSERT TERHADAP ALIRAN DAN PERPINDAHAN KALOR PADA ANNULAR HEAT EXCHANGER TIPE HORIZONTAL Ma'a, Mustaza; Kamal, Samsul; Pranoto, Indro
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol. 15 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v15i1.1512

In the industrial environment, there is a need to boost heat transfer. The flow manipulation method was selected because it is less expensive, simpler to use, and more accessible. It is wise to utilize a horizontal type annular heat exchanger because it is simple and easy to manufacture. Cold fluid from the reservoir tank is pumped through the annulus in a closed system. Cold fluid passes through the Omega rotameter before it enters the experiment apparatus. The cooling system allows cold fluid to leave through the outlet and return to the reservoir tank. There are five different cold fluid flow rates, ranging from 2.5 GPM to 5 GPM. A tubular heater with a 500 W heat rate is inserted in the annular heat exchanger's midsection. The flow inside the annulus is heated by this heater. According to the results of the experiments, utilizing outsert has the potential to increase the heat transfer coefficient (h) average 89,84%, Nusselt number (Nu) average 76,76%, and friction factor (f) average 55,48%. The flow regime, which starts out in laminar circumstances and transition to quasi-turbulent and turbulent conditions at Re = 8000, is also impacted by the presence of an outsert. The thermal performance factor (η) average 1,54, which demonstrates an increase in heat transfer.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN GRAPHENE METAL FOAM TERHADAP KOEFISIEN PERPINDAHAN KALOR PADA SISTEM CLOSED-LOOP GEOTHERMAL Dinar Kurniawan; Indro Pranoto; Khasani; Budi Santoso Wibowo
Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika Vol 11 No 2 (2026): SJME Kinematika December 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/sjmekinematika.v11i2.899

This study presents an experimental investigation into the effect of graphene metal foam on the heat-transfer performance of a closed-loop geothermal system. The system uses a sealed pipe configuration to circulate a low-temperature working fluid that extracts heat from the subsurface reservoir via conductive heat transfer and transports it to the surface. In this work, the system is modelled using a coaxial heat exchanger heated by an oven to simulate the geothermal reservoir. Two structural specifications of graphene-coated Ni-Fe alloy foam, 85% (90 PPI) and 90% (110 PPI), were employed and tested at a constant flow rate of 0.3 LPM under varying heat source temperatures of 170, 200, and 230 °C. The results show that both foam configurations achieved their highest performance at 230 °C. The overall heat transfer coefficient () reached 749.48 W/m².K for 85% (90 PPI) porosity and 462.78 W/m².K for 90% (110 PPI) porosity, significantly higher than that of a plain tube (103.88 W/m².K). These findings demonstrate that incorporating graphene metal foam, particularly at 85% porosity, effectively enhances heat-transfer performance in closed-loop geothermal systems.

STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PERFORMA IMMERSION COOLING SATU FASE UNTUK PENDINGINAN BATERAI LITHIUM-ION DENGAN FLUIDA KERJA DIELEKTRIK Ivan Ardiansyah; Indro Pranoto
Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika Vol 11 No 2 (2026): SJME Kinematika December 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/sjmekinematika.v11i2.900

This study experimentally investigates the thermal performance of static immersion cooling for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries using a hydrocarbon-based dielectric fluid (Shell S3 X). Natural convection (NC) and static immersion cooling were compared for two battery variants at a 3C discharge rate up to 80% depth of discharge. Results demonstrate that static immersion cooling consistently outperforms natural convection. Specifically, IC reduced the average and maximum surface temperatures by up to 11.50% and 11.93%, respectively. Furthermore, thermal uniformity improved significantly, with the maximum surface temperature difference decreasing from 3.2°C to 1.6°C for Battery A, and from 7.4°C to 5.0°C for Battery B. Energy-balance analysis confirmed a reduction in residual battery heat by up to 10.03%, accompanied by an enhanced apparent heat-transfer coefficient. These findings establish that passive immersion cooling using Shell S3 X effectively suppresses temperature rise and improves thermal uniformity, offering a promising solution for battery thermal management.

PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI PHOTOVOLTAIC MENGGUNAKAN LIQUID COOLING SERPENTINE DENGAN VARIASI LAJU ALIRAN PADA IKLIM TROPIS Bintang Arif Prasetya; Indro Pranoto; Fauzun
Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika Vol 11 No 2 (2026): SJME Kinematika December 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/sjmekinematika.v11i2.909

Global growth in electricity demand and the environmental impact of fossil fuels have accelerated the adoption of photovoltaic (PV) technology. However, PV efficiency significantly degrades under high outdoor thermal loads, where every 1°C rise in temperature reduces efficiency by approximately 0.3-0.5%. This study evaluates an active thermal management system (TMS) based on a serpentine liquid channel integrated with a dual-axis solar tracker on a 100 Wp monocrystalline PV module. Outdoor experimental research was conducted at Universitas Gadjah Mada in April 2026. Water flow rates of 1.5 LPM and 2.5 LPM were analyzed to determine their impact on performance. To ensure a fair comparative evaluation under dynamic weather conditions, cooling performance was evaluated against an analytical non-cooled baseline calculated using standard STC coefficients driven by real-time environmental data. The results demonstrate that the TMS significantly lowered cell temperatures. At 1.5 LPM, the average temperature reduction was 12.43°C, while 2.5 LPM achieved a better reduction of 14.58°C. The heat transfer coefficient increased by 43.1%, rising from 322.77 W/m²K at 1.5 LPM to 461.89 W/m²K at 2.5 LPM. Consequently, average gross electrical efficiency improved from a non-cooled of 14.69% to 15.63% at 2.5 LPM, representing a 6.4% relative increase. While the 2.5 LPM flow rate achieved the better gross electrical efficiency, the 1.5 LPM configuration yielded slightly better net efficiency after accounting for the pump load. These findings confirm that increasing water flow rates within serpentine channels effectively maintains the PV temperature and improves its gross efficiency.

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