Evaluation of Acute Toxicity, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Mahogany Seed (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) Infusion: An In Vivo Study in Wistar rats

Emelda (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Alma Ata Center For Natural product and Herbal Medicine, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Nurul Kusumawardani (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Alma Ata Center For Natural product and Herbal Medicine, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Arga Bima Pramudya (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Chaedar Ahmad Qoedowie (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Rizal Fauzi (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Alma Ata Center For Natural product and Herbal Medicine, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Mochammad Saiful Bachri (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Danang Prasetyaning Amukti (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)

JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA

Background: A traditional Javanese ethnomedicine is a mahogany seed (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) infusion (MSI). It is frequently used to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain. However, its safety profile and pharmacological effectiveness remain underexplored. However, its pharmacological efficacy and safety profiles remain unexplored. It is frequently used to reduce inflammation and pain. Its safety profile and pharmacological effectiveness. However, its pharmacological efficacy and safety profile remain underexplored. Objective: This study evaluated MSI’s acute toxicity, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects of MSI.  Methods: Wistar rats (200-300 g) were used in a completely randomized, single-factor experimental design. For pharmacological activity, the mice were divided into five groups (n=6 per group). The group included a negative control (1% CMC-Na), a positive control, and three treatment groups receiving MSI orally at 5,10, and 20 mg/kgBW. Analgesic activity was assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Acute toxicity was tested at a maximum oral dose of 2000 mg/kg. Results: MSI at 20 mg/kgBW significantly reduced the writhing frequency, comparable to mefenamic acid 65 mg/kg (p>0.05), and all MSI doses showed significantly lower writhing than the controls (p<0.05). Furthermore, 20 mg/kg MSI showed greater inhibition of carrageenan-induced edema, similar to that of the diclofenac group (50 mg/kg; p<0.05). No mortality or significant behavioral changes were observed at the highest dose, indicating a favorable safety profile of the drug. Conclusion: These results confirm MSI’s traditional use of MSI and its potential as a safe, natural medicinal drug, indicating that it possesses strong peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties with low acute toxicity. It is advisable to conduct a thorough toxicological analysis to determine safety and effectiveness, as well as to separate and describe the bioactive components.