<![CDATA[ABSTRACT Introduction: This study examines e-wallet switching intention in Indonesia through the Push–Pull–Mooring (PPM) framework, integrating Dissatisfaction with System Quality (DS) and Privacy Concerns (PC) as push factors, Perceived Benefits (PB) as pull factor, and Social Influence (SO) and Inertia (IN) as mooring factors. Gender serves as a grouping variable analyzed via Multi-Group Analysis (MGA). Methods: A quantitative explanatory design was employed with 258 valid responses from active Indonesian e-wallet users. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.0, followed by MICOM and permutation-based MGA based on gender (0 = male, n = 102; 1 = female, n = 156). Results: DS (β = 0.391, p = 0.000) and PB (β = 0.138, p = 0.014) significantly influence switching intention, while SO (β = 0.274, p = 0.000) also exerts a significant positive effect. IN (β = 0.134, p = 0.063) and PC (β = −0.052, p = 0.392) do not significantly influence switching intention. R² = 0.438. MICOM confirms partial measurement invariance. Bootstrap MGA reveals no statistically significant gender differences across all paths. Conclusion: Dissatisfaction with system quality and social influence are primary drivers of e-wallet switching intention, while perceived benefits act as an additional pull driver. The absence of significant gender differences supports universal, gender-inclusive retention strategies. Providers should prioritize service reliability, privacy transparency, and benefit-enhancement programs to minimize user migration.]]>
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