<![CDATA[This study examines the historical development of Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, including pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), madrasah, and formal schools, along with integration models between schools/madrasah and universities with pesantren. Using a historical-descriptive approach through library research methodology, this study traces the historical roots of pesantren as the oldest Islamic educational institution in the Nusantara archipelago, the transformation of madrasah from Islamic boarding schools into nationally standardized formal institutions, and the dynamics of general schools within Islamic contexts. The findings indicate that all three institutions have undergone significant transformation, particularly following the enactment of the National Education System Law No. 20 of 2003 and the Pesantren Law No. 18 of 2019. Integration models that have emerged include: (1) campus pesantren model (ma'had al-jami'ah), (2) integrated madrasah based on pesantren, (3) Islamic boarding schools, and (4) higher education institutions based on Islamic boarding schools. These integrations reflect efforts to address the challenges of modernity while maintaining Islamic values and local wisdom.]]>
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