<![CDATA[Purpose - This study aims to examine the implementation of halal tourism regulations in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, focusing on the factors that support and constrain their effectiveness and on strategies for strengthening the sustainability of the halal tourism ecosystem. Methods- This study employs a qualitative socio-legal approach using Soerjono Soekanto’s theory of legal effectiveness. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving tourism stakeholders, government officials, industry actors, and relevant institutions, and were analyzed thematically. Findings- The findings indicate that Lombok’s halal tourism ecosystem has developed through the availability of Muslim-friendly destinations, halal-certified restaurants, accommodation, halal tour packages, and trained human resources. However, its effectiveness and sustainability remain constrained by weak supervision, limited infrastructure, cleanliness and accessibility issues, incomplete implementing regulations, and low public legal knowledge and awareness. NTB Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2016 and Law No. 33 of 2014 provide an important regulatory foundation, while law enforcement institutions and MUI NTB play a positive role in implementation. These findings underscore that sustainable halal tourism requires clear regulations, effective supervision and law enforcement, adequate infrastructure, and active community participation. Contribution and Limitations – This study contributes to socio-legal scholarship by demonstrating how legal, institutional, infrastructural, social, and cultural factors interact to shape the effectiveness of halal tourism regulations. Its limitation lies in its qualitative focus on Lombok, which limits the generalizability of the findings to other areas. Originality/Value - This study offers an integrated legal-effectiveness perspective showing that the sustainability of halal tourism depends not only on regulatory availability but also on continuous supervision, effective enforcement, adequate infrastructure, institutional capacity, and community participation.]]>
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