<![CDATA[Digital innovation has expanded personal data management within electronic government administration, making personal data protection a fundamental element of privacy rights, while the government is empowered to monitor data for public service, national security, and law enforcement. Using normative juridical research methods with regulatory and contextual approaches, this study examines Indonesia's personal data protection provisions to guarantee privacy rights while identifying the scope of state monitoring authority from a rule of law perspective. The study reveals that personal data protection has a legal basis in "Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection" as constitutional protection, yet its success still faces obstacles as evident in the data leak case at the Temporary National Data Center (PDNS). Furthermore, because state monitoring authority must be guided by the principles of the rule of law, legality, human rights protection, proportionality, and accountability, it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of "Law No. 27 of 2022", improve electronic security governance, and implement effective control mechanisms to achieve harmony between state interests and privacy rights.]]>
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