<![CDATA[The rapid transformation of urban cultural patterns—driven by digitalization, shifting lifestyles, and an increasingly recreational-commercial orientation—has pressured the existence and function of public open spaces in major Indonesian cities, including Surabaya. Prior studies have developed general resilience frameworks for public space and separately evaluated the quality of Taman Bungkul, but none has positioned digital cultural change as the primary explanatory variable of architectural resilience in Indonesian public open spaces. This study addresses that gap by examining the extent to which public open spaces in Surabaya demonstrate architectural resilience in responding to cultural change, using a descriptive qualitative case-study approach with Taman Bungkul as the primary case and two other public open spaces as comparative cases. Data were collected through structured field observation, documentation studies, and literature review, analyzed using the 4R resilience framework (robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, rapidity) operationalized into indicators specific to the urban architectural context, and validated through source and technique triangulation. Findings show that resilience of public open spaces in Surabaya is shaped by spatial flexibility, functional diversity, and managers' adaptive capacity. Taman Bungkul exhibits relatively high resilience through its integration of traditional and contemporary spatial functions, while the two comparative spaces remain limited in functional redundancy and adaptive speed. This study produces a conceptual model of culture-driven architectural resilience and recommends that future public open space planning incorporate resilience principles from the design stage onward. ]]>
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