Tinjauan Yuridis terhadap Kebijakan Tindakan Tembak Mati Terhadap Pelaku Begal di Kota Medan dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana dan Hak Asasi Manusia

Annisa Nur Aziza (Politeknik Pengayoman Indonesia)
Novan Rizky Ramadan (Politeknik Pengayoman Indonesia)

Jurnal Hukum dan Konstitusi
Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): JIC : Jurnal Hukum dan Konstitusi

The escalation of violent street crimes, specifically "begal" robberies, in Medan, Indonesia, has led to the emergence of shoot-to-kill policies as a controversial crime prevention measure. While proponents argue that such actions are necessary to restore public safety, they have sparked significant legal and ethical debates, particularly concerning human rights protections, notably the right to life as enshrined in the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia and binding international human rights instruments. This study examines the legality and legitimacy of shoot-to-kill actions against begal offenders from the perspective of national criminal law and human rights. Employing normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach, this research concludes that the use of lethal force by law enforcement officers is only justified under exceptional circumstances, strictly adhering to the principles of proportionality, legality, and accountability, as mandated by both national regulations and international standards. Extrajudicial killings carried out outside the framework of due process of law constitute a serious violation of human rights and undermine the rule of law. Therefore, addressing begal crimes requires a balanced approach that combines firm yet lawful law enforcement with preventive measures, social empowerment, and structural legal reforms to ensure justice that is consistent with the rule of law and respect for fundamental human rights.