<![CDATA[The peel of Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana) contains various bioactive compounds, particularly phenolic compounds with potential as natural antioxidants. This study evaluated the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of fruit peel extracts using four different solvents (methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) through three antioxidant assays: DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The results showed that solvent type significantly affected TPC (p = 0.024) and all antioxidant parameters (p < 0.05). Methanol yielded the highest TPC (47.38 ± 11.81 mg GAE/g) and exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity in the DPPH and ABTS assays, while ethanol demonstrated the highest FRAP value (247.83 ± 41.27 μmol TE/g) despite having the lowest TPC. Correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between TPC and all antioxidant assays, especially between TPC and FRAP. These findings confirm that polar solvents such as methanol and ethanol are more effective in extracting phenolic and antioxidant compounds from Z. maurtiana peel, supporting their potential use in the development of functional food and pharmaceutical products.]]>
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