<![CDATA[High concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) resulting from industrial activities, transportation, and land cover change can pose environmental and health risks in Grobogan District. This study uses remote sensing data and spatial analysis to map the spatial distribution of CO concentrations and forest land cover at the village level. The findings of this study show a strong and significant negative spatial correlation (Bivariate Moran's I = -0.467) between forest land and CO concentrations. There are five clusters, with the Low-High cluster (66 villages) in several subdistricts such as Godong, Penawangan, and Karangrayung requiring special attention because the low forest land in these areas is surrounded by high CO concentrations in the surrounding areas. This study makes an important contribution to adaptive environmental and spatial mapping. In addition, the results support the achievement by offering policy strategies that are in line with the principles of green development. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the important role of pentahelix collaboration in strengthening the spatial planning to environmental risks in Grobogan Regency.]]>
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