<![CDATA[This study presents a data-driven evaluation of Internet of Things (IoT) communication performance in a portable coffee bean drying system by comparing Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) under identical operational conditions. Environmental data were collected over 54 hours and simultaneously transmitted via both protocols, while local secure digital (SD) card logging served as ground-truth reference. Four key metrics were evaluated: reliability, latency, data consistency, and protocol efficiency. The results show that MQTT achieved higher reliability 91.88% compared to HTTP 81.06%, along with significantly lower average latency 3.87s vs. 15.17s. MQTT also demonstrated superior bandwidth efficiency 91.29% compared to HTTP 13.25%, consuming substantially less hourly transmission data. However, HTTP exhibited higher data consistency, with cloud records more closely matching the ground truth. These findings reveal a clear tradeoff between transmission efficiency and replication accuracy. MQTT is better suited for real-time environmental monitoring in bandwidth-constrained IoT deployments, whereas HTTP provides stronger data integrity at the cost of higher overhead and latency. The proposed parallel, ground-truth-based evaluation framework enables an unbiased and realistic comparison of communication protocols in agricultural IoT systems.]]>
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