Problematika Penegakan Hukum Migrasi Tenaga Kerja Ilegal di Kota Batam

Suprinaldi Meyzaki (Universitas Riau Kepulauan)
Alwan Hadiyanto (Universitas Riau Kepulauan)
Dwi Afni Maeleni (Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Riau Kepulauan)

JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against the unauthorized deployment of  Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI)  in Batam City as a strategic border region. The central issue examined is the weakness of law enforcement, as reflected in the continued prevalence of non-procedural departures despite the existence of a clear and comprehensive legal framework. This research employs a normative juridical approach through the analysis of statutory regulations and a conceptual approach, particularly law enforcement theory and legal system theory, to assess the interrelationship between legal substance, institutional structure, and the legal culture of society. The findings indicate that law enforcement against the unauthorized deployment of IMWs in Batam City has not been effective due to weak inter-agency coordination, limited resources and supervision, low levels of legal literacy among the public, and the persistence of community-based illegal recruitment networks. Moreover, law enforcement practices remain heavily reliant on repressive measures and have not been optimally integrated with socio-economic prevention strategies. The novelty of this study lies in its integrative analysis that connects the normative aspects of law enforcement with the structural and social realities of border areas, thereby contributing theoretically to the development of migration law enforcement studies and offering policy recommendations in the form of strengthened inter-institutional coordination, the establishment of permanent multi-agency task forces, and the integration of law enforcement with preventive policies and the expansion of domestic employment opportunities.     Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas penegakan hukum terhadap pengiriman Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) tanpa izin di Kota Batam sebagai wilayah perbatasan strategis. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji adalah lemahnya penegakan hukum yang ditandai oleh masih maraknya praktik pemberangkatan non-prosedural meskipun telah tersedia kerangka hukum yang tegas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan analisis peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, khususnya teori penegakan hukum dan teori sistem hukum, untuk menilai keterkaitan antara substansi hukum, struktur kelembagaan, dan budaya hukum masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum terhadap pengiriman PMI tanpa izin di Kota Batam belum berjalan efektif karena lemahnya koordinasi antarinstansi, keterbatasan sumber daya dan pengawasan, rendahnya literasi hukum masyarakat, serta kuatnya jaringan perekrut ilegal berbasis komunitas. Selain itu, praktik penegakan hukum masih cenderung bergantung pada pendekatan represif dan belum terintegrasi secara optimal dengan strategi pencegahan berbasis sosial-ekonomi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis integratif yang menghubungkan aspek normatif penegakan hukum dengan realitas struktural dan sosial wilayah perbatasan, sehingga memberikan kontribusi teoretis dalam pengembangan studi penegakan hukum migrasi serta rekomendasi kebijakan berupa penguatan koordinasi lintas lembaga, pembentukan satuan tugas permanen, dan integrasi penegakan hukum dengan kebijakan pencegahan dan perluasan lapangan kerja domestik.