Prioritas Qadha Ramadhan Dan Puasa Syawal Dalam Perspektif Hadis Dan Ushul Fiqh: Analisis Terhadap Hadis Abu Ayyub Al-Anshari

Izzul Haq Mathar (UIN Alauddin Makassar)
Muhammadiyah Amin (Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar)
Abdul Rahman Sakka (Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar)

Tarbiyah Islamiah : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Islam
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): October (In Progress)

The debate over the priority between making up missed Ramadan fasts (qadha Ramadan) and observing the six-day fast of Shawwal is an ongoing issue in Islamic jurisprudence. The differences of opinion do not concern the validity of the hadith underlying the legal ruling, but rather the methods of istinbath employed in interpreting the content of the hadith narrated by Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, particularly the phrase thumma atba‘ahu. This study aims to analyze the authority of the hadith of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari as a basis for legal reasoning (istidlal), examine the arguments of the four Sunni schools of law regarding the priority of making up Ramadan fasts and observing the Shawwal fast, and explain the relevance of usul al-fiqh principles in addressing these differences of opinion. This study employs a library research method with a qualitative-normative approach. Data were obtained from hadith collections, commentaries on hadith, usul al-fiqh literature, jurisprudential works of the four Sunni schools, and relevant scholarly articles. The analysis was conducted through hadith takhrij, analysis of the chain of transmission (sanad) and textual content (matan), linguistic analysis of the phrase thumma atba‘ahu, as well as analysis based on principles of usul al-fiqh and Maqashid al-Shariah. The findings indicate that the hadith of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari is classified as authentic (sahih) and accepted by scholars as authoritative evidence (hujjah). Differences of opinion regarding the priority between making up Ramadan fasts and observing the Shawwal fast primarily arise from differences in approaches to the linguistic interpretation of the hadith and the application of usul al-fiqh principles, such as taqdim al-fardh ‘ala al-nafl, al-amr al-mutlaq la yaqtadhi al-fawr, and al-mashaqqah tajlib al-taysir. Therefore, this issue falls within the scope of ijtihadiyyah, allowing room for legitimate diversity of scholarly opinions. Nevertheless, from the perspective of legal precaution, giving priority to making up missed Ramadan fasts remains preferable, while observing the Shawwal fast before completing the qadha may be understood as a form of legal concession (rukhsah) under certain circumstances in accordance with the objectives of Islamic law.