Prototipe Deteksi Arus Bocor pada Instalasi Listrik Rumah Tangga Berbasis Mikrokontroler (Microcontroller-Based Leakage Current Detection Prototype for Household Electrical Installations)

Maharani Maharani (Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry)
Hari Anna Lastya (Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry)

Jurnal Edunitro
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): October Issue

This study aims to design and test a microcontroller-based prototype for detecting electrical leakage current in household electrical networks and evaluate its performance based on current measurement, response time, warning indicators, and relay control. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) and was conducted up to the Develop stage. The prototype integrated an Arduino Uno R3 WiFi, ACS712 current sensor, 16×2 I2C LCD, LEDs, buzzer, relay, and ESP8266 NodeMCU. Testing was conducted using 10 W, 15 W, 25 W, and 40 W lamps and an electric fan. Measured current, response time, alarm status, and relay status were recorded. The measured current ranged from 0.133 to 0.460 A, while the response time ranged from 3.16 to 3.99 seconds. All tested loads remained in normal conditions, with no alarm activation and the relay remaining ON. These findings indicate that the prototype can monitor current and provide system responses according to the tested conditions. The testing did not include controlled leakage-current conditions. Therefore, the prototype's detection and disconnection performance under actual leakage conditions has not been comprehensively validated. Further research should incorporate controlled leakage levels, calibrated reference instruments, repeated testing, and cloud-based IoT development.