<![CDATA[An abstract is a crucial component of a scientific article, as it provides a concise overview of the entire study. At a minimum, it includes a brief description of the research background, objectives, methodology, and findings. Among these elements, the research findings warrant particular emphasis, as they convey the study's primary discoveries to the reader. Abstracts must be drafted systematically, clearly, and concisely to ensure the core of the research is understood without requiring the reader to go through the entire article. In scientific writing, abstracts are presented in both Indonesian and English to broaden the readership and facilitate the dissemination of research results. They are typed with single spacing and narrower margins than those used for the main text. Additionally, abstracts must include keywords that reflect the subject area, research focus, and key terms employed in the study. These keywords limited to five entries may consist of single words or phrases. Keywords are vital for computerized systems, as they facilitate the retrieval of articles, titles, and abstracts via scientific search engines.]]>
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