<![CDATA[The continuous growth of industrialization has significantly contributed to improving community welfare, but at the same time has generated environmental problems due to domestic and industrial waste in the form of solid, liquid, gas, and hazardous and toxic waste (B3). This article aims to examine the characteristics of waste generated by large-scale industries, the health and environmental risks it poses, and the management practices that can be implemented to minimize its negative impacts. The method used in this article is a literature review, examining journal articles, laws and regulations, and other relevant reference sources related to industrial waste management. The results show that solid, liquid, gaseous, and hazardous waste each have distinct characteristics and risks, ranging from water body pollution and air quality degradation due to volatile organic compounds (VOC) and carbon monoxide, to chronic health disorders such as organ damage and cancer caused by heavy metal exposure. Effective waste management requires the application of treatment technologies such as thermal oxidation, catalytic oxidation, and flares for gaseous waste, biological and chemical treatment for liquid waste, and compliance with regulations such as Law Number 32 of 2009 and Ministerial Regulation Number 56 of 2016 for hazardous waste. The 3R principle (reduce, reuse, recycle) is also proven to play an important role in supporting sustainable waste management. It is concluded that proper industrial waste management requires synergy between technology, regulation, and the active participation of both the community and industry.]]>
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