<![CDATA[Consumption of carbonated soft drinks continues to increase in Indonesia. These beverages contain high levels of fructose, phosphoric acid, and various additives that may induce kidney damage through oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of carbonated soft drink administration at different doses on the renal histopathological structure of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This experimental study involved 24 male Wistar rats divided into four groups: a negative control (distilled water), treatment 1 (3 mL/day), treatment 2 (7 mL/day), and treatment 3 (10 mL/day) for 30 days. Renal histopathological examination was performed using hematoxylin–eosin staining at 400× magnification. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Post Hoc Mann-Whitney test. Significant differences in renal histopathological changes were observed between the control group and all treatment groups (p < 0.001). The observed changes included inflammatory cell infiltration, Bowman’s space edema, and tubular epithelial cell swelling. However, no significant differences were found among the treatment groups (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that carbonated soft drinks can induce renal histopathological changes even at the lowest dose, although increasing the dose did not produce a linear dose–response relationship.]]>
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