Isu Kebebasan Berpendapat di Indonesia: Kesenjangan antara Demokrasi dan Realitas Pembatasan Digital pada Kasus Pelarangan TikTok

Aprilia Musawamah (Fakultas Studi Islam Interdisipliner, UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten)
Ade Jaya Suryani (Fakultas Studi Islam Interdisipliner, UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten)
Ade Fakih Kurniawan (Fakultas Studi Islam Interdisipliner, UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten)

JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION

Freedom of opinion is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Indonesian constitution and is a major pillar in the country's democratic system. However, while freedom of expression is guaranteed by the Indonesian constitution, in practice, this freedom is often faced with restrictions imposed by the government, especially through social media regulations that restrict public expression. The phenomenon of restricting freedom of opinion, especially through the regulation of social media such as TikTok, has created a tension between the freedom of expression guaranteed by the constitution and government policies. This research aims to analyze the gap between the freedom of opinion guaranteed by the constitution and the reality of its restrictions in Indonesia, focusing on the democratic process, social protests, and social media restriction policies. Using a literature-based qualitative approach with case studies and content analysis from secondary sources (including public data and 2018-2024 reports), the results show that while governments guarantee freedom of expression, the policies implemented often threaten public spaces for expression, reduce political participation, and exacerbate public distrust of the government. In this context, social media, especially platforms like TikTok, play an important role in mobilizing social movements; however, TikTok is also targeted for restrictions, which shows the need for more inclusive policies and prioritizing human rights. The study concludes that the Indonesian government should prioritize human rights principles in restrictive policies, increase transparency in decision-making, and engage communities in policy processes to create healthy and inclusive spaces for dialogue. Freedom of opinion is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Indonesian constitution and is a major pillar in the country's democratic system. However, while freedom of expression is guaranteed by the Indonesian constitution, in practice, this freedom is often faced with restrictions imposed by the government, especially through social media regulations that restrict public expression. The phenomenon of restricting freedom of opinion, especially through the regulation of social media such as TikTok, has created a tension between the freedom of expression guaranteed by the constitution and government policies. This research aims to analyze the gap between the freedom of opinion guaranteed by the constitution and the reality of its restrictions in Indonesia, focusing on the democratic process, social protests, and social media restriction policies. Using a literature-based qualitative approach with case studies and content analysis from secondary sources (including public data and 2018-2024 reports), the results show that while governments guarantee freedom of expression, the policies implemented often threaten public spaces for expression, reduce political participation, and exacerbate public distrust of the government. In this context, social media, especially platforms like TikTok, play an important role in mobilizing social movements; however, TikTok is also targeted for restrictions, which shows the need for more inclusive policies and prioritizing human rights. The study concludes that the Indonesian government should prioritize human rights principles in restrictive policies, increase transparency in decision-making, and engage communities in policy processes to create healthy and inclusive spaces for dialogue.